Province of Nova Scotia, Canada: Nova Scotia is located on Canada’s eastern coast, on the Atlantic Ocean, between the New England states of USA, and Newfoundland. Complex rocks and Ice Age sediments provide a foundation for a pretty landscape of farmland and forest along the ocean. Summer are sunny and pleasant, and winters are damp and cold. Icelandic settlement occurred in the Markland and Lockeport areas, near the Atlantic shore. H. Thorleifson.